Chapter 1
Paul Greets the Saints in Rome
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Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called [to be] [an] apostle, [and] set apart for [the] gospel of God—
Παῦλος δοῦλος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ κλητὸς ἀπόστολος ἀφωρισμένος εἰς εὐαγγέλιον Θεοῦ Paulos doulos Christou Iēsou klētos apostolos aphōrismenos eis euangelion Theou — NA/TR · 1
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[the gospel] He promised beforehand through His prophets in [the] Holy Scriptures,
ὃ προεπηγγείλατο διὰ αὐτοῦ τῶν προφητῶν ἐν ἁγίαις γραφαῖς ho proepēngeilato dia autou tōn prophētōn en hagiais graphais — NA/TR · 2
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regarding His Son, who was a descendant… of David according to [the] flesh,
περὶ αὐτοῦ τοῦ Υἱοῦ τοῦ γενομένου ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυὶδ κατὰ σάρκα peri autou tou Huiou tou genomenou ek spermatos Dauid kata sarka — NA/TR · 3
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[and] who through [the] Spirit of holiness was declared with power [to be the] Son of God by [His] resurrection [from the] dead: Jesus Christ our Lord.
τοῦ κατὰ πνεῦμα ἁγιωσύνης ὁρισθέντος ἐν δυνάμει Υἱοῦ Θεοῦ ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἡμῶν τοῦ Κυρίου tou kata pneuma hagiōsynēs horisthentos en dynamei Huiou Theou ex anastaseōs nekrōn Iēsou Christou hēmōn tou Kyriou — NA/TR · 4
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Through [Him] [and] on behalf of His name, we received grace and apostleship to call all [those] among the Gentiles [to the] obedience that comes from faith.
δι’ οὗ ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ὀνόματος ἐλάβομεν χάριν καὶ ἀποστολὴν εἰς πᾶσιν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ὑπακοὴν πίστεως di’ hou hyper autou tou onomatos elabomen charin kai apostolēn eis pasin en tois ethnesin hypakoēn pisteōs — NA/TR · 5
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[And] you also are among those who are called [to belong to] Jesus Christ.
ὑμεῖς καὶ ἐστε ἐν οἷς κλητοὶ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ hymeis kai este en hois klētoi Iēsou Christou — NA/TR · 6
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To all - in Rome who are loved by God [and] called to be saints: Grace and peace to you from God our Father and [the] Lord Jesus Christ.
Πᾶσιν τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν Ῥώμῃ ἀγαπητοῖς Θεοῦ κλητοῖς ἁγίοις Χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη ὑμῖν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν Πατρὸς καὶ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ Pasin tois ousin en Rhōmē agapētois Theou klētois hagiois Charis kai eirēnē hymin apo Theou hēmōn Patros kai Kyriou Iēsou Christou — NA/TR · 7
Unashamed of the Gospel
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First -, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you, because your faith is being proclaimed all over the world.
Πρῶτον μὲν εὐχαριστῶ μου τῷ Θεῷ διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ περὶ πάντων ὑμῶν ὅτι ὑμῶν ἡ πίστις καταγγέλλεται ὅλῳ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ Prōton men eucharistō mou tō Theō dia Iēsou Christou peri pantōn hymōn hoti hymōn hē pistis katangelletai holō en tō kosmō — NA/TR · 8
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- God, whom I serve with my spirit in {preaching} the gospel of His Son, is my witness how constantly vvv I remember you
γάρ ὁ Θεός ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν μου τῷ πνεύματί ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ τοῦ αὐτοῦ Υἱοῦ ἐστιν μού μάρτυς ὡς ἀδιαλείπτως ποιοῦμαι μνείαν ὑμῶν gar ho Theos hō latreuō en mou tō pneumati en tō euangeliō tou autou Huiou estin mou martys hōs adialeiptōs poioumai mneian hymōn — NA/TR · 9
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in my prayers at all times, asking that… now at last by - God’s will I may succeed in coming to you.
ἐπὶ μου τῶν προσευχῶν πάντοτε δεόμενος εἴ πως ἤδη ποτὲ ἐν τῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ θελήματι εὐοδωθήσομαι ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς epi mou tōn proseuchōn pantote deomenos ei pōs ēdē pote en tō tou Theou thelēmati euodōthēsomai elthein pros hymas — NA/TR · 10
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For I long to see you so that I may impart to you some spiritual gift to strengthen you,
γὰρ ἐπιποθῶ ἰδεῖν ὑμᾶς ἵνα μεταδῶ ὑμῖν τι πνευματικὸν χάρισμα εἰς τὸ στηριχθῆναι ὑμᾶς gar epipothō idein hymas hina metadō hymin ti pneumatikon charisma eis to stērichthēnai hymas — NA/TR · 11
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- that is, [that] you and I may be mutually encouraged… by each other’s faith.
δέ τοῦτο ἐστιν τε ὑμῶν καὶ ἐμοῦ συμπαρακληθῆναι ἐν ὑμῖν διὰ ἐν ἀλλήλοις τῆς πίστεως de touto estin te hymōn kai emou symparaklēthēnai en hymin dia en allēlois tēs pisteōs — NA/TR · 12
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- vvv I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, how often I planned to come to you ([but] have been prevented [from visiting] until vvv now), in order that I might have a harvest among you -, just as [I have had] among the other Gentiles.
δὲ Οὐ θέλω ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν ἀδελφοί ὅτι πολλάκις προεθέμην ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ὑμᾶς καὶ ἐκωλύθην ἄχρι τοῦ δεῦρο ἵνα σχῶ τινὰ καρπὸν ἐν ὑμῖν καὶ καὶ καθὼς ἐν τοῖς λοιποῖς ἔθνεσιν de Ou thelō hymas agnoein adelphoi hoti pollakis proethemēn elthein pros hymas kai ekōlythēn achri tou deuro hina schō tina karpon en hymin kai kai kathōs en tois loipois ethnesin — NA/TR · 13
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I am obligated both to Greeks and non-Greeks, both to [the] wise and [the] foolish.
εἰμί ὀφειλέτης τε Ἕλλησίν καὶ Βαρβάροις τε σοφοῖς καὶ ἀνοήτοις eimi opheiletēs te Hellēsin kai Barbarois te sophois kai anoētois — NA/TR · 14
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That is why - I am [so] eager to preach the gospel also to you who [are] in Rome.
οὕτως τὸ κατ’ ἐμὲ πρόθυμον εὐαγγελίσασθαι καὶ ὑμῖν τοῖς ἐν Ῥώμῃ houtōs to kat’ eme prothymon euangelisasthai kai hymin tois en Rhōmē — NA/TR · 15
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- vvv I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is [the] power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, first to [the] Jew, then to [the] Greek.
γὰρ Οὐ ἐπαισχύνομαι τὸ εὐαγγέλιον γὰρ ἐστιν δύναμις Θεοῦ εἰς σωτηρίαν παντὶ τῷ πιστεύοντι τε πρῶτον Ἰουδαίῳ καὶ Ἕλληνι gar Ou epaischynomai to euangelion gar estin dynamis Theou eis sōtērian panti tō pisteuonti te prōton Ioudaiō kai Hellēni — NA/TR · 16
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For [the gospel] reveals [the] righteousness of God [that comes] by faith [from start] to [finish], just as it is written: “- The righteous will live by faith.”
γὰρ ἐν αὐτῷ ἀποκαλύπτεται δικαιοσύνη Θεοῦ ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν καθὼς γέγραπται δὲ Ὁ δίκαιος ζήσεται ἐκ πίστεως gar en autō apokalyptetai dikaiosynē Theou ek pisteōs eis pistin kathōs gegraptai de Ho dikaios zēsetai ek pisteōs — NA/TR · 17
God’s Wrath against Sin
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- [The] wrath of God is being revealed from heaven against all [the] godlessness and wickedness of men who suppress the truth by [their] wickedness.
γὰρ ὀργὴ Θεοῦ Ἀποκαλύπτεται ἀπ’ οὐρανοῦ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ἀσέβειαν καὶ ἀδικίαν ἀνθρώπων τῶν κατεχόντων τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐν ἀδικίᾳ gar orgē Theou Apokalyptetai ap’ ouranou epi pasan asebeian kai adikian anthrōpōn tōn katechontōn tēn alētheian en adikia — NA/TR · 18
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For [what may be] known [about] God is plain to them, because God has made [it] plain to them.
διότι τὸ γνωστὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν φανερόν ἐν αὐτοῖς γὰρ ὁ θεὸς ἐφανέρωσεν αὐτοῖς dioti to gnōston tou Theou estin phaneron en autois gar ho theos ephanerōsen autois — NA/TR · 19
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For since [the] creation of [the] world [God’s] invisible qualities, - His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood from His workmanship, so that [men] are without excuse.
γὰρ ἀπὸ κτίσεως κόσμου αὐτοῦ τὰ ἀόρατα τε ἥ αὐτοῦ ἀΐδιος δύναμις καὶ θειότης καθορᾶται νοούμενα τοῖς ποιήμασιν εἰς αὐτοὺς τὸ εἶναι ἀναπολογήτους gar apo ktiseōs kosmou autou ta aorata te hē autou aidios dynamis kai theiotēs kathoratai nooumena tois poiēmasin eis autous to einai anapologētous — NA/TR · 20
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For although they knew God, they neither glorified [Him]… as God [nor] gave thanks [to Him], but they became futile in their thinking and darkened in their foolish hearts.
Διότι γνόντες τὸν Θεὸν ἐδόξασαν οὐχ ὡς Θεὸν ἢ ηὐχαρίστησαν ἀλλὰ ἐματαιώθησαν ἐν αὐτῶν τοῖς διαλογισμοῖς καὶ ἐσκοτίσθη αὐτῶν ἡ ἀσύνετος καρδία Dioti gnontes ton Theon edoxasan ouch hōs Theon ē ēucharistēsan alla emataiōthēsan en autōn tois dialogismois kai eskotisthē autōn hē asynetos kardia — NA/TR · 21
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Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools,
φάσκοντες εἶναι σοφοὶ ἐμωράνθησαν phaskontes einai sophoi emōranthēsan — NA/TR · 22
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and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for vvv images of mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles.
καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου Θεοῦ ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ πετεινῶν καὶ τετραπόδων καὶ ἑρπετῶν kai ēllaxan tēn doxan tou aphthartou Theou en homoiōmati eikonos phthartou anthrōpou kai peteinōn kai tetrapodōn kai herpetōn — NA/TR · 23
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Therefore God gave them over… in the desires of their hearts to impurity for the dishonoring of their bodies with [one another].
Διὸ ὁ Θεὸς παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν αὐτῶν καρδιῶν εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι αὐτῶν τὰ σώματα ἐν αὐτοῖς Dio ho Theos paredōken autous en tais epithymiais tōn autōn kardiōn eis akatharsian tou atimazesthai autōn ta sōmata en autois — NA/TR · 24
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[They] exchanged the truth of God for a lie, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is vvv vvv forever worthy of praise! Amen.
οἵτινες μετήλλαξαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ψεύδει καὶ ἐσεβάσθησαν καὶ ἐλάτρευσαν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν Κτίσαντα ὅς ἐστιν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας εὐλογητὸς ἀμήν hoitines metēllaxan tēn alētheian tou Theou en tō pseudei kai esebasthēsan kai elatreusan tē ktisei para ton Ktisanta hos estin eis tous aiōnas eulogētos amēn — NA/TR · 25
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For this reason… God gave them over… to dishonorable passions. Even their women exchanged natural relations for vvv unnatural [ones].
Διὰ τοῦτο ὁ Θεὸς παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς εἰς ἀτιμίας πάθη τε γὰρ αὐτῶν αἵ θήλειαι μετήλλαξαν τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν εἰς παρὰ φύσιν τὴν Dia touto ho Theos paredōken autous eis atimias pathē te gar autōn hai thēleiai metēllaxan tēn physikēn chrēsin eis para physin tēn — NA/TR · 26
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- Likewise, the men abandoned natural relations with women [and] burned with - lust for one another. Men committed indecent [acts] with [other] men and received in themselves the due penalty for their error.
τε ὁμοίως οἱ ἄρσενες καὶ ἀφέντες τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν τῆς θηλείας ἐξεκαύθησαν ἐν αὐτῶν τῇ ὀρέξει εἰς ἀλλήλους ἄρσενες κατεργαζόμενοι τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην ἐν ἄρσεσιν καὶ ἀπολαμβάνοντες ἐν ἑαυτοῖς τὴν ἔδει ἀντιμισθίαν ἣν τῆς αὐτῶν πλάνης te homoiōs hoi arsenes kai aphentes tēn physikēn chrēsin tēs thēleias exekauthēsan en autōn tē orexei eis allēlous arsenes katergazomenoi tēn aschēmosynēn en arsesin kai apolambanontes en heautois tēn edei antimisthian hēn tēs autōn planēs — NA/TR · 27
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Furthermore, since vvv they did not see fit to acknowledge… God, [He] gave them up… to a depraved mind, to do what vvv ought not to be done.
Καὶ καθὼς οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει τὸν Θεὸν ὁ Θεὸς παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς εἰς ἀδόκιμον νοῦν ποιεῖν τὰ μὴ καθήκοντα Kai kathōs ouk edokimasan echein en epignōsei ton Theon ho Theos paredōken autous eis adokimon noun poiein ta mē kathēkonta — NA/TR · 28
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They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed, [and] depravity. [They are] full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, [and] malice. [They are] gossips,
πεπληρωμένους πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ πονηρίᾳ πλεονεξίᾳ κακίᾳ μεστοὺς φθόνου φόνου ἔριδος δόλου κακοηθείας ψιθυριστάς peplērōmenous pasē adikia ponēria pleonexia kakia mestous phthonou phonou eridos dolou kakoētheias psithyristas — NA/TR · 29
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slanderers, God-haters, insolent, arrogant, [and] boastful. [They] invent [new] forms of evil; they disobey [their] parents.
καταλάλους θεοστυγεῖς ὑβριστάς ὑπερηφάνους ἀλαζόνας ἐφευρετὰς κακῶν ἀπειθεῖς γονεῦσιν katalalous theostygeis hybristas hyperēphanous alazonas epheuretas kakōn apeitheis goneusin — NA/TR · 30
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[They are] senseless, faithless, heartless, merciless.
ἀσυνέτους ἀσυνθέτους ἀστόργους ἀνελεήμονας asynetous asynthetous astorgous aneleēmonas — NA/TR · 31
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[Although they] know - God’s righteous decree that those who do such things are worthy of death, {they} not only continue to do these things, but also approve of those who practice [them].
οἵτινες ἐπιγνόντες τὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ δικαίωμα ὅτι οἱ πράσσοντες τὰ τοιαῦτα εἰσίν ἄξιοι θανάτου οὐ μόνον ποιοῦσιν αὐτὰ ἀλλὰ καὶ συνευδοκοῦσιν τοῖς πράσσουσιν hoitines epignontes to tou Theou dikaiōma hoti hoi prassontes ta toiauta eisin axioi thanatou ou monon poiousin auta alla kai syneudokousin tois prassousin — NA/TR · 32